The Ransom of Atahualpa

The Ransom of Atahualpa On November 16, 1532, Atahualpa, Lord of the Inca Empire, consented to meet with a bunch of wrinkled outsiders who had interrupted his domain. These outsiders were somewhere in the range of 160 Spanish conquistadors under the order of Francisco Pizarro and they deceptively assaulted and caught the youthful Inca Emperor. Atahualpa offered to bring his captors a fortune in payment and he did as such: the measure of fortune was faltering. The Spanish, apprehensive about reports of Inca officers in the zone, executed Atahualpa in any case in 1533. Atahualpa and Pizarro Francisco Pizarro and his band of Spaniards had been investigating the western shoreline of South America for a long time: they were following reports of an incredible, affluent domain high in the chilly Andes Mountains. They moved inland and advanced toward the town of Cajamarca in November of 1532. They were blessed: Atahualpa, Emperor of the Inca was there. He had quite recently vanquished his sibling Huscar in a common war over who might lead the realm. At the point when a band of 160 outsiders appeared close to home, Atahualpa was not apprehensive: he was encircled by a multitude of thousands of men, the vast majority of them war veterans, who were savagely faithful to him. The Battle of Cajamarca The Spanish conquistadors knew about Atahualpas monstrous armed force - similarly as they knew about the huge amounts of gold and silver conveyed by Atahualpa and the Inca nobles. In Mexico, Hernn Cortes had discovered wealth by catching Aztec Emperor Montezuma: Pizarro chose to attempt a similar strategy. He concealed his cavalrymen and artillerymen around the square in Cajamarca. Pizarro sent Father Vicente de Valverde to meet the Inca: the monk indicated the Inca a breviary. The Inca looked through it and, disinterested, tossed it down. The Spanish blamed this alleged blasphemy so as to assault. Out of nowhere the square was loaded up with vigorously furnished Spaniards by walking and horseback, slaughtering local respectability and warriors to the roar of gun discharge. Atahualpa Captive Atahualpa was caught and a large number of his men were killed. Among the dead were regular citizens, fighters and significant individuals from the Inca nobility. The Spanish, for all intents and purposes safe in their overwhelming steel reinforcement, didn't endure a solitary setback. The horsemen demonstrated especially compelling, running down frightened locals as they fled the savagery. Atahualpa was put under overwhelming gatekeeper in the Temple of the Sun, where he at last met Pizarro. The Emperor was permitted to talk with a portion of his subjects, yet every word was deciphered for the Spanish by a local translator. Atahualpa’s Ransom It didn’t take long for Atahualpa to understand that the Spanish were there for gold and silver: the Spanish had burnt through no time in plundering bodies and the sanctuaries of Cajamarca. Atahualpa was made to comprehend that he would be liberated in the event that he sufficiently paid. He offered to occupy a live with gold and afterward twice done with silver. The room was 22 feet in length by 17 feet wide (6.7 meters by 5.17 meters) and the Emperor offered to fill it to a stature of around 8 feet (2.45m). The Spanish were paralyzed and immediately acknowledged the offer, in any event, training a public accountant to make it official. Atahualpa conveyed word to carry gold and silver to Cajamarca and in a little while, local watchmen were carrying a fortune to the town from all edges of the realm and laying it at the feet of the intruders. The Empire in Turmoil In the interim, the Inca Empire was tossed into strife by the catch of their Emperor. To the Inca, the Emperor was semi-divine and nobody challenged chance an assault to save him. Atahualpa had as of late vanquished his sibling, Huscar, in a common war over the seat. Huascar was alive however hostage: Atahualpa dreaded he would get away and rise again on the grounds that Atahualpa was a detainee, so he requested Huascars passing. Atahualpa had three gigantic armed forces in the field under his top commanders: Quisquis, Chalcuchima and Rumiã ±ahui. These officers knew that Atahualpa had been caught and ruled against an assault. Chalcuchima was in the long run deceived and caught by Hernando Pizarro, though the other two officers would battle against the Spanish in the months that followed. The Death of Atahualpa In mid 1533, bits of gossip started flying around the Spanish camp about Rumiã ±ahui, most prominent of the Inca officers. None of the Spaniards knew precisely where Rumiã ±ahui was and they significantly dreaded the gigantic armed force he drove. As indicated by the gossipy tidbits, Rumiã ±ahui had chosen to free the Inca and was moving into position to assault. Pizarro conveyed riders toward each path. These men found no indication of an enormous armed force, yet at the same time the gossipy tidbits persevered. Froze, the Spanish concluded that Atahualpa had become a risk. They hurriedly attempted him for treachery †for supposedly advising Rumiã ±ahui to revolt †and saw him as blameworthy. Atahualpa, last free Emperor of the Inca, was executed by garrote on July 26, 1533. The Inca’s Treasure Atahualpa had stayed faithful to his commitment and occupied the live with gold and silver. The fortune brought to Cajamarca was faltering. Extremely valuable masterpieces in gold, silver and artistic were brought, alongside huge amounts of valuable metals in gems and sanctuary adornments. Eager Spaniards crushed extremely valuable items to pieces so the room would top off more gradually. The entirety of this fortune was liquefied down, fashioned into 22 karat gold and tallied. Atahualpa’s recover meant more than 13,000 pounds of gold and twice that a lot silver. After the â€Å"royal fifth† was taken out (the King of Spain forced a 20% expense on triumph plunder), this fortune was split among the first 160 men as indicated by a convoluted plan including footmen, horsemen and officials. The lowliest of the warriors got 45 pounds of gold and 90 pounds of silver: at today’s rate the gold alone is worth over a half million dollars. Francisco Pizarro got around multi ple times the measure of a typical fighter, in addition to generous â€Å"gifts†, for example, Atahualpa’s seat, which was made of 15 karat gold and weighed 183 pounds. The Lost Gold of Atahualpa Legend has it that the Spanish conquistadors didn't get their insatiable hands on all of Atahualpa’s recover. A few people accept, in light of to some degree scrappy authentic reports, that a gathering of locals was headed to Cajamarca with a heap of Inca gold and silver for Atahualpa’s deliver when they got word that the Emperor had been killed. The Inca general responsible for moving the fortune chose to conceal it and left it in a plain collapse the mountains. Probably it was discovered 50 years after the fact by a Spaniard named Valverde, yet then was lost again until a globe-trotter named Barth Blake discovered it in 1886: he later passed on dubiously. Nobody has seen it since. Is there a lost Inca treasure in the Andes, the last portion of Atahualpa’s Ransom? Source  Trimming, John. The Conquest of the Inca London: Pan Books, 2004 (unique 1970).

Dolls House Victims Essay Research Paper In free essay sample

Doll's House Victims Essay, Research Paper In what ways do you happen Nora a casualty? In what ways at botch? Nora Helmer, the hitched lady of Torvald Helmer and female parent of 3 children, is an extremely perplexing and climate grown-up female for her clasp. She plays the central capacity in the show and is fundamental to its mystery plan. She is both a survivor of her fortunes what's more at botch for activities which she submitted. Nora is a casualty. All through her full life, she has neer been taken sincerely by anybody. She has been dealt with like a doll by both male characters throughout her life, her male parent and her hubby, and has acted subsequently. She has accepted whatever they have advised her with no request since she dreaded it would outrage them. ? At place, Daddy used to state me what he thought, so I thought the equivalent. We will compose a custom article test on Dolls House Victims Essay Research Paper In or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Also, in the event that I suspected something, I stayed silent about it, since he wouldn? Ts have enjoyed it? also, he played with me as I used to play with my dolls. At that point I came to populate in your home? ? ( Henrik Ibsen: Act III, pg. 1465 ) Therefore, she develops an existence of unscrupulousness since she envelops unexpected moral intentions in comparison to her hubby, and their heads neer meet. Torvald Helmer has straight standards and knows plainly where he is, the place he is voyaging and how he is making a trip to secure at that place. Nora has clashing closures since she does non hold a particular route for her in the future and she keeps in touch with her ain account. Nora is at botch. She makes conclusions on her ain, acquires cash to rescue her husba neodymium, and makes the assurance to pound her male parent? s signature, and is amped up for what she is making which is the most noticeably terrible blunder. She other than does non follow the normal female conduct for her clasp, which causes her employments. A decent representation of that would be the point at which she acquired cash from Krogstad. This assurance totally was non even a opportunities for a grown-up female of her clasp nor was her assurance to get without the assent of a male, for example, her hubby or male parent. Her greatest and most shape mistake is fake of her male parent? s signature on the IOU in exertion to spare him any worry on his deathbed. She is other than at botch since she ahs rules which are in battle with the law. A representation of that would be the mode in which she sees that her offense of fake was suitable in light of the fact that she implied great furthermore, was non looking to truly execute the offense for her ain advantage, yet with great purposes. She does non comprehend that an offense submitted is an offense submitted whether or non the intentions were positive or negative and that she will be considered responsible by the statute paying little heed to what she feels is correct. This show has numerous subjects which add to Nora? s character and spot, for example, clashing qualities and rules, the sexual orientation issue which is the normal male conduct and the normal female conduct, and how the female capacity is disillusioning, confining and bogus. Are these subjects despite everything worries for grown-up females in the present twenty-four hours?

Money Isnt Everything Complexity of Motivations and Messages in Emma - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"Austen’s novels are all about money.† To what extent is this a true comment in relation to ‘Emma’? Behind every action is a drive, a will that serves to uphold the most open and secretive desires of the self. Within Jane Austen’s Emma, money acts as a motivator, spearheading and underpinning all interactions and ensuing relationships. However, to say that the novel is â€Å"all about money† would be a blind sighted approach; Austen paints a vibrant and convoluted world, such complexity naturally making all character motivations not solely tied to one thematic desire, but rather multiple. As with the ensuing discussion one will realize the importance of further themes as love or class, and how Austen cleverly intertwines the use of comedy and commentary to compliment character development and the reader’s experience. Money, for many characters, acts as a central motivator. For women, wealth creates independence and distance from their male counterparts and from laborious or degrading occupations. For men, wealth equals freedom, an ease of living, and societal respect. A key example is that of Mr. Elton, an individual who is driven to marry by prospects of wealth. Whenever he is in narrator or character discussion, synonymous words surrounding themes of monetary value arise, such as â€Å"high place† and â€Å"fortune†, both of which hold connotations with societal hierarchy and fiscal incentives. The persona further remarks using metaphor that Mr. Elton would rather â€Å"Miss Somebody† than Harriet, as to him, he innately requires an individual of a wealthy and strong social status. The pronoun â€Å"somebody† acts somewhat hyperbolic, as if to say that Mr. Elton believes anyone other than Harriet could fulfill such a desired disposition in a partner. Austen appears f urther to be giving an underlying message within this simple sentence, that an individual who regards money to be the key reason for marriage is someone with insincere, spiteful, and simply sycophantic motivations, as suggested by this backhanded descriptive comment of â€Å"Miss Somebody†. Mr. Elton even hyperbolizes his thoughts by stating that he â€Å"never cared whether she [Harriet] were dead or alive†; such exaggerations appear ignorantly rude and thus humorous to the reader, especially due to the placement of the two characters within a small carriage and Mr. Elton’s subsequent crying. The monosyllabic diction of the words â€Å"dead or alive† gives emphasis to the direct and hurtful nature of them also. The importance of repeating the description of Mr. Elton in this way is later seen in his motivation to marry Miss Hawkins in the subsequent chapters, the rapid movement on from Emma and the wealthy status of Miss Hawkins only proving the truth in this element of Mr. Elton’s character and the nature of money as a motivator and a theme. From such descriptions it can be easy to understand the centrality of money within Austen’s novels, but can money be the one true thematic presence within the text? Not quite, as love arguably is a stronger force for both character and plot development. Emma for example is constantly fixated over the relationships and flirtatious signs of her societal counterparts, noticing all acts of potential compassion and connection. Marriage and love here drives social interaction, whether it be the numerous attempts to set Harriet up with a partner, the resolution of which is that Harriet is driven to Mr. Martin by love, or the numerous other pairings of which are either open to discussion or held secret, such as that of Frank Churchill and Jane Fairfax; life and society here revolves around concepts of love and marriage. Emma’s realization that â€Å"Harriet had always liked Robert Martin† is a key example of love’s centrality throughout the novel, the adverb â€Å"always† emphasizing its ever-present nature and underlying effects on both the subconscious and conscious minds. In this case, such an effect is on Harriet who is o nly now given conscious thought to her deeply ingrained desire and love for Mr. Martin, making such marriage almost bound to destiny. As further emphasis on this idea, after learning of Harriet’s feelings for Mr. Knightley a few chapters prior, Emma’s subsequent thoughts surround her depressed state, one hindered by the knowledge that she may not be able to express her love for Mr. Knightley. The narrator notes that Emma’s â€Å"happiness depended† on Mr. Knightley, the noun â€Å"happiness† here holding greater connotations than the mere fact of contentment but rather acting as a summary of Emma’s whole state of well-being, that her present and future emotional condition is in fact dependent on an engagement with Mr. Knightley. With such interactions and marital structures it is therefore easy to see how love is thematically central to the novel. However, this use of theme within the novel is much more complex than simply stating that one is separate from the other, as although possibly not being ‘all about money’, ideas of love and marriage are underpinned and supported by fiscal notions; many thematic concepts within the text do work hand in hand. For example, the allure of money more often than not will guide love, such as that with Mr. Elton. Likewise love can conquer any overbearing fixations on money, as with Emma and Mr. Knightley, both of whom are connected by their attraction to one another rather than any dollar value. Mr. Knightley states that his â€Å"mind has been hard at work† and that Emma has been â€Å"at [the] heart† of all his thoughts. The word â€Å"heart† here acts symbolic of his emotional center, holding his deepest passions and desires. The adjective â€Å"hard† and the verb â€Å"work† suggesting that Emma has been on his mind for a while, something of which has likewise been happening for Emma regarding Mr. Knightley, and that to not have expressed his love for her up until now has been a difficult feat. Such is a prime example of how although there is an unspoken agreement on class and monetary status of the two in their engagement; Austen brings their love as a motive to the forefront rather than anything solely fiscal related. Arguably the most outright aspect that ties all Austen novels together is that there are no complete fairy-tale endings – but why should there be? If anything, Austen attempts to engage and inform the reader about what life is really like, and not to be deceived by the falsehoods of fiction. In this way money does become a central aspect of society and individual desire throughout Emma as naturally such a necessary and integral part of the developing world is contemporarily fundamental too. However, money is not the only thing that drives humanity, but other central motivations, such as love, thus warranting their own thematic presence within all of Austen’s novels and descriptions of them.

The Types Of Parliamentary Democracies - 1930 Words

The two types of Parliamentary democracies are direct democracy, also known as consociational or consensus democracy, and representative democracy, otherwise called majoritarian democracy (Dickovick 118-120). A consensus democracy is founded on the principle that the citizens govern directly and that power is distributed between the executive and legislative branches to prevent and limit one branch from gaining too much power. An example of a consensus democracy is Switzerland, as it promotes consensus of the people, and it exhibits the factors necessary for a direct democracy. Alternatively, a majoritarian democracy is based on the principle of majority rules, and that power is concentrated and centralized. The United Kingdom is an example of a majoritarian democracy because it follows the majority rule principle and possesses all the qualities of a representative democracy. While consensus democracy and majoritarian democracies are both forms of democracy, the contrasting ap proaches to democratic rule they engage in - foremost pertaining to the ideas of distribution of political power, causes the two types of democracy to be diametrically opposite. A consociational or consensus democracy is commonly used in heterogeneous or plural societies, as a majority rule democracy would be unpredictable and hazardous in such a society. consensus democracy has its virtues in the front-end of democracy. It emphasizes the belief of the consensus of the people rather than theShow MoreRelatedcompare and contrast parliamentary and presidential system in the Caribbean835 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast the Parliamentary and Presidential model of democracy. Which model do you believe is most suitable for Caribbean democracies? Parliamentary and Presidential democracies are forms of government that similar in some respects and differ in others. 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Selective Breeding of a Laborador Retriever Essay - 720 Words

Selective breeding A breed is a particular set of domestic animals or plants having uniform look and behavior, that differentiate it from other animals or plant. While as Domestication is the process whereby a population of living organisms is changed at the genetic level, through generations of selective breeding, to accentuate traits that ultimately benefit humans. The deliberate breeding of animals and other species to get required features by human beings is called selective breeding. It includes breeding methods such as inbreeding, line breeding etc. The animals that are produced are tamed, and the breeding is usually done by an expert breeder. The organism I have selected for selective breeding is a retrieve Labrador dog because†¦show more content†¦Although Lab’s tend to have great temperaments for being around a family home and children, special attention should be paid to how the puppy’s parents behave. Behavior characters can be inherited and good behavior in the pare nts can specify the future personality. The Labrador retriever is the original water dog, with a weather resistant and waterproof coat and an otter†. Its heavy body set and strong legs enable the Labrador retriever to powerfully swim and run - and frequent exercise is needed to keep the Labrador retriever dog breed healthy. Friendly and sociable, the Labrador retriever is a playful companion and a calm housedog. Labs are extremely obedient and eager to learn and have become guide dogs, explosive and drug detection dogs. The Labrador retriever is an excellent therapy dog, a growing occupation for many breeds. Labs are highly intelligent and trainable, love to play and are extremely friendly. They desire human companionship and attention and need to feel like they are part of the family to be truly happy. It is susceptible to skin allergies, epilepsy, eye diseases and joint problems. Labradors can be prone to hip and elbow dysplasia which are potentially crippling abnormalities of joint formation that can be inherited from the dog’s parents or relatives. The expected life of the Labrador retriever is 10-12 years. It needs frequent exercise to be happy and healthy. An urban or country

A Suggested Reading of the Meaning of the Roman Pantheon Essay Example For Students

A Suggested Reading of the Meaning of the Roman Pantheon Essay Pantheon   a  small  group  of  people  who are the most  famous,  important, and  admired  in  theirparticular  area  of  activity To say with any precision what the Pantheon meant to Hadrian and his contemporaries will probably never be possible. The words of William MacDonald, a regarded scholar of the Pantheon of our time, suggest the mystery with which this awesome and inspiring structure has traditionally been viewed. Scholars have concentrated their efforts on studying archaeological ov*dcnce and written sources which havo, in combination, provided considerable illumination respecting the structural and historical characteristics of this most impor tant surviving work of Roman architecture. Yet its moaning is still described as enigmatic and problematic.’ From 1923 when Arturo Graf suggested the Pantheon was dedicated pri marily to Saturn; to 1968 when Kjeld OeFine Licht thought it might be a monument to the gens Julia and its divine ances tors; to 1984. when Henn Stiertin viewed it as a solar temple, to 1989 when Gtangiacomo Martinos arguod that its cupola is a unique example of ideal geometry, no consensus has been achieved-2 Recently MacDonald indicated that the meaning of this extraordinary and unique structure lies—beyond its dedi cation to all the gods in its rote as the temple of Rome and a* things Roman, the Empire, and the whole world While ail these suggestions havo boon usotul to this study, this paper will attempt to pursue a different avenue of inquiry that will suggest that the Pantheona building about whose meaning even its earliest known desenber. a century after its construction. Was uncertain was designed by Hadrian for a very specific purpose His purpose in erecting In tho center of the city of Rome in an area dedicated to the cult ot the omporor not just another temple, but tho most grand, mnova tive, difficult, and complex secular temple of Roman antiquity, must have been intended to convoy to the Roman intelli gentsia it not to the Roman people a very carefully crafted and distinct meaning. In order to discover this meaning it will be necessary to review what Is now generally agreed, in order to underline that the building in its entirety was built by Hadrian and to show that it survives essentially Intact as his structure. Subsequently In reading the structure as a Pylhagorean com position that is orderly, beautiful and symbolic, it will be sug gested that a Pythagorean scheme of numbers as known and admirod in Hadrians time was used to create a sophisticated formulation that would have been better understood to con temporary observers than it can be to us today. Not only Hadrian s own Interests, but also peculiar events and circum stances m Ns life, will be brought together to suggest some reasons why Hadrian designed and such a stunning and novel structure. It is hoped that introducing this new avenue of study will suggest some dues regarding the possible original   meaning of the building and that these in turn may broaden the discussion of its particular architect, who has remained as elusive as Its meaning Ancient literary evidence offers little Information respect ing the original temple that formed part of a complex built by Marcus Vipsanius Aghppa In the Campus Martius. which con tained numerous other temples, attars and public buildings m the time of Augustus. Pliny the Elder, who saw Agrippa’s tem ple in the time of Vespasians rule, reters to It as Pantheum From his brief references, we know that this temple, complet ed in about 25 B.C.. was embellished with sculpture. Including caryatids, and figures on tho angles of the pediment in addi tion to a sculpture of Venus In the Interior. Though Appian has much to tell us about Agnppas close friendship with 0 eta via n as well as his military and political activities, he. together with Suetonius, fails to provide information about the building of the original Pantheon. Writing after its destruction. Dio Cassius (who appoars to havo boon retying partly on tradition and partly on Ns knowledge of the Pantheon as rebuilt by Hadrian, a fact of which ho was unaware) tells us that a figure of Mars accompanied that of Venus and that a statue ot Julius Caesar had also been placed inside, while statues of Augustus and Agrippa were in the pronaos; because ot his use of tho past tense, there is little reason to believe that these statues survived in Hadrians building.6 Nonetheless it Is clear that from the time of its origin this temple had a civic as well as a religious function and that Its original purpose was linked to the gens Julio. Archaeological ovidenco toils us a great deal more. Architecture Academic Reading sample task EssayA separate rectangular intermediate block as high as the entire building and as wide as the porch leads into the third geometric area, the primary space of the temple Defined by bnck and concreto structural elements and resting on a foun dation of concrete that contains targe travertine fragments, this spaco forms a large circular nng corresponding in diame ter and circumference with the formerly open paved space of Agrippa. Tho hoart of Hadrians structure is therefore clearly new in that it was not built on the foundation of any pre-exist ing building. A great cylinder rises from the circular founda tion and this m turn supports the largest domed rotunda ever built, equal in height and radius to the cylinder below. The exterior of the dome was originally covered with guttering gold in the form of gilded bronze tiles.2 while its interior, whose controlling geometry is based on a perfect central axis, is marked off by coffers that are aligned horizontally and verti cally over the sloping surface which culminates in an oculus of unprecedented dimension. Centrally located, over the interior space and poisod over the central circle in tho pavement below. the single source of light tor the entire building was ongmally crowned with an elaborate bronze, most likely also gilded, comice. Among those who have suggested the pronaos is unrelat ed to the rotunda some have considered that, because its dimensions roughly correspond with those ot the foundation of the entire temple of Agnppa below, it might mcorporato remaining parts of Agrippas temple; others have debated whether it might have been constructed at a later date. The archaeological evidence is. again, steadfast showing that the entire structure as we know it, including the temple front porch, the intermediate block and the rotunda, were all built at once and by Hadrian.23 That the new temple had noth ng to do constructionally with the old Is underlined by the tact that its orientation was reversed, obviously for practical rea sons While Agnppas temple faced south. Hadnans facade is to the north, the only available space for a forecourt and altar. The articulation ot the Interior space of the new temple makes It clear that the structure was oriented to the four cardinal directions. Not only was Hadnans the grandest temple ever built, also It was the most original in that it brought together, perhaps inspired by an idea that had earlier been demonstrat od in the Mausoleum ol Augustus. A podimentod porch and a circular construction, an event that in size, scale and grandeur was completely new tor a temple structure. There is nothing like it in Vitruvius description ot circular tem ple types, composed in the late first century B.C.25 From its exterior, the new temple incorporated the con ventional elomonts ot a monumental trabeated pedtmented temple front. Because the building was nestled between civic structures to east, west and south, the exterior view that Roman citizens enjoyed incorporated this traditional feature, crowned by a most unusual golden dome that could best be viewed from afar. Reflecting the rays of the sun In a stunning focal point for the city, this visible image, crowned with gkstenlng golden and bronze sculptures and decorations, must have been a most impressive sight. Indeed, it formed a most unusual and sumptuous Interior space of equally extra ordinary dimension which must have Inspired astonishment and awe In its early visitors. Apart from all Hadrians other constructions, this was the one where he both worshipped and held courl as Emperor.26 Since the vicissitudes of fate have granted us neither descnpbon nor mention from the cen tury of its construction, we can only assume that it continued to be known by its old name Panlheum in Hadnans time. Destiny was to prove relatively kind to the Pantheon.

Online Policy Primer

Social networking has become a whirlwind phenomenon that the 21st century population cannot ignore or suspend (Powell, 2009). Among all demographic categories of people, social networking seems to have no barriers, and today, many people around the worlds have become fast receptors of social networking services (Rutledge, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer – Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social networking has been enabled largely by advancement in information technology (computers) whereby, internet has become the basic forum where most of interactions take place (McManus, 2010). As a result, there seems to be no boundaries among people, organizations, groups and the larger social environment in using social network services for their various needs (Ryan, 2011). People use social networks differently, but in most cases, social networks have become popular avenues for in teraction, sharing of interests, ideas, events and popular activities that individuals may find interesting or valuable (Lusted, 2011). Some of the current popular social networks include Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo, and many more (Lusted, 2011). Key features that most social network exhibit include profile pages on which different individuals identify themselves by posting information concerning them, category pages for messaging, chat forums, and so on, and connection links such as like, join, add, remove, and bloc (Kelsey, 2010). All these features combine to make different social networks popular sites that people have gradually become addicted to. Facebook, as noted above, constitutes one of the popular social network services that individuals around the world use for social connection (Facebook, 2011). And in order to effectively use the services provided by Facebook, users have been required regularly to agree to terms and conditions that Facebook, as a company, has established (Facebook, 2011). The terms and conditions, just like in any other organization, reflect the overall regulatory rules and regulations set by different institutions or bodies, which people are required to abide to. This is always done to ensure rights and freedoms of individuals, groups, organizations, or societies are not abused, instead, they are respected even as one uses Facebook forum. This leads us to ask and subsequently evaluate the basic proposition which states that, why Facebook terms of use would be effective and more so, why is it necessary to choose the particular service or platform.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Answer to the above statement requires a holistic journey of evaluation into the policy of Facebook regarding terms and conditions for usage of the service or site. Facebook, like any other social entity in a pluralistic society, is prone to abuse, where people in different ways may misuse the forum at the disadvantage of other people (Weintraub, 2011; Kumar and Zhang, 2010). In order to limit this, terms of use established by Facebook aim at instituting some level of control on how information and all other aspects can be used. At the same time, terms of use instituted are aimed at effectively regulating commercial use of members’ information (Dixon and Gellman, 2011). Marketing in the 21st century has become tech-hitch and all efforts are done to meet targets at the lowest cost. Given that many people use Facebook, it becomes fertile ground for marketers. And in an effort to protect members, terms of use become appropriate. In the same measure, Facebook terms of use are implemented to effectively ensure protection and operate within legal framework regarding copyright, trademark, publicity, privacy or any other form of individual right (Garfinkel, 2011). Moreover, as the issue of security becomes a global concern, th ere is need for individual protection against all forms of insecurity that may also include hate-speech and discrimination, which Facebook tries to effectively regulate through terms of use (Garfinkel, 2011). On overall, effectiveness of Facebook terms of use aim to ensure sensible promotion, exchange, and usage of information on the site among different individuals that meet social needs of different groups of people within tenets of legal and human rights (Garfinkel, 2011). The need to choose particular service can be perceived to be greatly influenced by the need for effective regulation, monitoring and subsequent guidance, all aimed at ensuring maximum security and observance of human rights for the use of Facebook forum (Bankston, 2009). Given that regulation sometimes becomes a problem especially with advent of sophisticated information technology tools, it can be deduced that choosing a particular service or platform makes it both for the user and owner to ensure security, fr eedom and rights are respected.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer – Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion, it can be stated that different social networks exist today and although each has different features and usage needs, they all appear to perform a singular role of connecting people worldwide. Nevertheless, Facebook terms of use as an online policy primer have effectively regulated the usage on the forum although some level of criticism has been advanced (Jones, 2009; Bankston, 2009), which calls for future consideration and appropriate modification of the terms of use (BBC News, 2009). References Bankston, K. (2009). Facebook’s new privacy changes: the good, the bad and the ugly. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/12/facebooks-new-privacy-changes-good-bad-and-ugly. BBC News. (2009). Facebook faces criticism on privacy change. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8405334.stm. Dixon, P and Gellman, R. (2011). Online Privacy: A Reference Handbook. CA: ABC-CLIO. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=KolSg5Cxks8Cpg=PA42dq=facebook+social+network+and+user+policyhl=enei=DxZxTrzRNc6XOuLNpeUMsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=9ved=0CGMQ6AEwCA#v=onepageq=facebook%20social%20network%20and%20user%20policyf=false. Facebook. (2011). â€Å"Statement of rights and responsibilities†. Retrieved from http://www.facebook.com/terms.php. Garfinkel, S. L. (2011). â€Å"When private information is not†. Technology Review, Vol. 114, No. 4, p. 63. UK: Cambridge. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=8did=2403238071SrchMode=1sid=2Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1316032896clientId=29440.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jones, K. C. (2009). â€Å"Facebook’s terms of use draw protest†. InformationWeek Article. UBM TechWeb. Retrieved from http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/social_network/214303433. Kelsey, T. (2010). Social Networking spaces: From Facebook to Twitter and everything in between. NY: Springer. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=1EgTu8fFMJgCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=6ved=0CFIQ6AEwBQ#v=onepageqf=false. Kumar, A and Zhang, D. (2010). Ethics and policy of biometrics: Third international conference on ethics and policy of biometrics and international data sharing, Hong Kong, January 4-5, 2010. NY: Springer. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=0xwxtr9UM8ACpg=PA89dq=facebook+social+network+and+user+policyhl=enei=DxZxTrzRNc6XOuLNpeUMsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=false. Lusted, M. A. (2011). Social Networking: Myspace, Facebook, Twitter . NY: ABDO. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=Iq9KqQ2mwDQCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg#v=onepageqf=false. McManus, S. (2010). Social Networking for the older and wiser: Connect with family and friends old and new. MA: John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=Oc76tQ-O68oCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=10ved=0CGgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepageqf=false. Powell, J. (2009). 33 million people in the room: how to create, influence, and run a successful business with social networking. NJ: Que Publishing. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=rEPGOOwdqjUCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=NxFxTo3aHsyWOrWZiZUJsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CDMQ6AEwADgU#v=onepageqf=false. Ryan, P. K. (2011). Social Networking. NY: The Rosen Publishing Group. Retrieved from https://books.g oogle.com/books?id=rshCY6J7E0QCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CEgQ6AEwAw#v=onepageqf=false. Rutledge, P. A. (2008). The truth about profiting from social networking. NJ: FT Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=eGnpsd6Aq7kCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=false. Weintraub, M. (2011). Killer Facebook Ads: Master cutting-edge Facebook advertising techniques. MA: John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=BwjjSK3zwqQCpg=RA1-PA10dq=why+facebook+term+of+use+is+importanthl=enei=gdVwTuCOF8WXOtTGjYgJsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=5ved=0CEcQ6AEwBA#v=onepageqf=false. This essay on Online Policy Primer – Facebook was written and submitted by user Kylie Trujillo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Online Policy Primer Online policy primer is the so-called docket which is written to inform the users about their rights and abilities while installing or using various electronic sources. The policy describes the rules of various websites which are to be fulfilled to avoid problems with further use. Online policy primer explains the points of the terms of use agreement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, online policy primer is created to explain the users their rights and the principle of system operation. However, firstly, it is necessary to explain the definition of the term and its importance. Thereby, Kingston (1993) says that â€Å"it is a policy primer – a fact that will be deeply appreciated by professionals and policymakers, as well as the average citizen.† (p. 9) This definition is recognized to be an appropriate one in all the spheres where polic y primer is a must. In accordance with the suggestions of Bloomfield (1982) the main purpose of policy primer is to save time. (p. 11) Thus, there are a lot of examples of policy primer in different Internet sources. The most vivid example to explain the term of policy primer is to tell about the so-called license agreement of one of the websites which is called Twitter. (Online Policy Primer, 2010) For instance, if you want to use the website MySpace.com, you have to read its license agreement firstly. License agreement is a number of instructions which you are to read to become one of the users of the above-mentioned website. MySpace is a popular social network and its policy primer was written to warn the user against the rules violation. The rules of MySpace.com must be read carefully; it is up to you whether you read the instructions or no, but if you press the button Agree, it means that you get familiar with terms of the use agreement. Another important point of the website p olicy primer is that the only person who is responsible for the content of the messages and any other kind of information is a user. There is also a point concerning the copyright. You have no right to use information written by third party only. If you ignore this point, it will entail serious consequences such as account blocking.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It should be mentioned that Google terms of services don’t differ much from various services of MySpace.com. Let’s consider another example. Nowadays many people can earn money through the Internet. There are a lot of various online sources which can help you to understand the basic principles of earnings online. Thus, one of the authors who writes books on how to earn money using the Internet, Mann (2000) states that â€Å"electronic commerce is changing the way businesses and consumers create, se ll, and buy products, and the way they communicate and learn.† It is really true. Earning online differs from other ways of monthly or weekly earning. Thus, in this case the policy primer is the instructions on how to start career online. Another example concerns Google terms of service (Online Policy Primer, Google Terms of Service, 2010). The retrieval system Google, defines a policy primer as the number of rules on how to use computer-aided retrieval system. The system provides you with an ability to use various services and for this reason you are to read them carefully to avoid the problems. The peculiar feature of Google system consists in the fact that in a case you use only one service, you must agree with the policy primer. One can state that Google is eager to know everything about you. Online policy primer is recognized to be a little bit strange. The points of the policy are very relative. For instance, even if you agree with the fundamentals of Google retrieval sy stem, the points of the policy are not reduced to basic assumptions. Unspoken rules tell that Google system hunts you everywhere, so, there is a question: is it so important to create and follow the rules? May be online policy primer should be restricted by some universal points? Thus, the contradictions could be minimized.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some points of online policy primer must be changed as well as updated. Reference List Bloomfield, L. P. (1982, Sept). A Modern Primer a Modern Primer. Web. Kingson, E. R., Berkowitz E. D. ( Oct.,1993). Social Security and Medicare: A Policy Primer. Web. Mann, C.L. (2000, July). Global Electronic Commerce: A Policy Primer. Web. Online Policy Primer. (2010). Slideshare. Web. Online Policy Primer. (2010). Slideshare. Web. This essay on Online Policy Primer was written and submitted by user Michaela Howe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.